Uterine fibroids result from the abnormal growth of muscle cells in the uterus. They can develop outside the uterine wall, within the uterine tissue, or inside the uterine cavity. There are two types of fibroids: benign fibroids and cancerous fibroids. However, the majority of uterine fibroids are benign.
The exact cause of uterine fibroids remains unknown. However, studies indicate that their development is associated with estrogen, a hormone produced by the ovaries. As a result, fibroids are most commonly found in women of reproductive age (20-50 years old). These fibroids tend to shrink after menopause due to decreased estrogen levels.
The symptoms vary depending on the size of the fibroid and its location, particularly if it compresses nearby organs. Common symptoms include:
Pelvic pain or severe menstrual cramps
Heavy menstrual bleeding during periods
Frequent urination
Constipation
Difficulty conceiving or recurrent miscarriages
A palpable lump in the abdomen
Doctors diagnose uterine fibroids using the following methods:
Reviewing medical history and symptoms
Performing a pelvic examination
Conducting an ultrasound scan
Treatment depends on the size of the fibroid and whether the patient wishes to have children. Options include:
Pain medication: Used for small fibroids to relieve symptoms
Surgical removal: This can involve:
Abdominal surgery: A traditional open surgery
Laparoscopic surgery: A minimally invasive technique with small incisions
Note:
Complete removal of the uterus (hysterectomy) ensures permanent treatment and is suitable for women who no longer wish to have children or older patients.
Myomectomy (fibroid removal while preserving the uterus) carries a risk of fibroids recurring in the future.
Avoid contraceptive pills with high estrogen levels
Maintain a healthy weight through regular exercise
Monitor for any unusual symptoms and consult a doctor if needed
Get annual health check-ups, including pelvic exams and ultrasound scans of the uterus
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